Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
bitcoin capital
bitcoin explorer
bitcoin doubler bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin платформа bitcoin клиент порт bitcoin
ethereum contract mikrotik bitcoin
bitcoin разделился apple bitcoin bitcoin server акции bitcoin bitcoin weekly
bitcoin rus bitcoin zone создатель bitcoin bitcoin bounty bitmakler ethereum 999 bitcoin minergate bitcoin bitcoin global clicker bitcoin bitcoin heist polkadot stingray bitcoin lite заработать ethereum ферма bitcoin виталий ethereum bitcoin joker bitcoin trojan 2x bitcoin
autobot bitcoin transactions bitcoin bitcoin nedir курс bitcoin bitcoin хабрахабр
кликер bitcoin луна bitcoin bitcoin bank пулы ethereum bitcoin fasttech
The fact remained: the methodologies of open source and open allocation-style governance were enjoyable, and produced very successful software. In 2001, a movement grew to bring open allocation methodologies into corporations. It was called 'Agile Development,' and it was a desperate measure by the commercial software companies to hang onto relevance. If they couldn’t beat open source, they could join it and build commercial services and products on top. Copying the Cypherpunks and Cyberspace enthusiasts before them, the Agile proponents wrote a founding document. The Agile Manifesto read in part:aliexpress bitcoin hourly bitcoin fpga ethereum bitcoin grafik адрес bitcoin xpub bitcoin bitcoin blockchain bitcoin tor tether криптовалюта лото bitcoin minergate ethereum tether обменник bitcoin торги transaction bitcoin статистика ethereum tether майнить genesis bitcoin reklama bitcoin Like a hot wallet, a paper wallet also makes use of public and private keys. Cryptocurrency users wishing to store their holdings in a paper wallet typically go through the process of printing the private key onto a piece of paper. For those who are interested in setting up a paper wallet, the first step is to visit a wallet generator site which will create keys and corresponding QR codes at random.With a blockchain, many people can write entries into a record of information, and a community of users can control how the record of information is amended and updated. Likewise, Wikipedia entries are not the product of a single publisher. No one person controls the information.This architecture is the result of the finance industry using highly secured private databases. Digitization has meant we merely sort information into private databases much faster.At this moment, miners will be taking care of it as confirmation on those transaction and will be writing them on a thing called ledger.monero майнер cgminer monero minergate ethereum tera bitcoin asus bitcoin bitcoin win bitcoin войти bitcoin комбайн habrahabr bitcoin bitcoin комиссия bitrix bitcoin bitcoin dogecoin planet bitcoin
bitcoin satoshi bitcoin wm bitcoin книга
ethereum 4pda
stealer bitcoin hacking bitcoin monero криптовалюта monero bitcointalk ethereum android bitcoin фермы консультации bitcoin daily bitcoin
bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin banking bitcoin keywords bitcoin icon bitcoin symbol golden bitcoin tether 4pda registration bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт
decred ethereum обменять monero exmo bitcoin
ultimate bitcoin This is where the action’s really at. Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are specifically designed to do just one thing: mine bitcoins at mind-crushing speeds, with relatively low power consumption. Because these chips have to be designed specifically for that task and then fabricated, they are expensive and time-consuming to produce – but the speeds are stunning. At the time of writing, units are selling with speeds anywhere from 5-500 GH/sec (although actually getting some of them to ship has been a problem). Vendors are already promising ASIC devices with far more power, stretching up into the 2 TH/sec range.program counterExodus is a desktop and mobile wallet with a very simple user interface and an exchange built-in. One of Exodus’s most popular features is the ability to swap between a growing number of cryptocurrencies. Exodus currently allows for swaps between over 100 different cryptocurrencies. Prior to the advent of new bitcoin mining software in 2013, mining was generally done on personal computers. But the introduction of application specific integrated circuit chips (ASIC) offered up to 100 billion times the capability of older personal machines, rendering the use of personal computing to mine bitcoins inefficient and obsolete.2 While bitcoin mining is still theoretically possible with older hardware, there is little question that it is not a profitable venture. This is because of the way that mining is set up: miners are competing to solve hash problems as quickly as possible, so those miners at a serious computational disadvantage essentially stand no chance of solving a problem first and being rewarded with bitcoin. When miners used the old machines, the difficulty in mining bitcoins was roughly in line with the price of bitcoins. But with these new machines came issues related to both the high cost to obtain and run the new equipment and the lack of availability.bitcoin стоимость bitcoin usa bitcoin монет
Best Bitcoin mining hardware: Your top choices for choosing the best Bitcoin mining hardware for building the ultimate Bitcoin mining machine.ethereum ios collector bitcoin bitcoin video ethereum info новые bitcoin bitcoin описание bitcoin криптовалюта cryptocurrency charts ethereum api пополнить bitcoin forbes bitcoin bitcoin обозначение nanopool ethereum платформ ethereum hourly bitcoin bitcoin farm bitcoin казино цена ethereum ethereum news форекс bitcoin bitcoin банк erc20 ethereum ethereum проблемы статистика ethereum bitcoin price world bitcoin boxbit bitcoin 60 bitcoin
bitcoin комбайн bitcoin ann bitcoin авито forecast bitcoin bitcoin клиент polkadot su
bitcoin котировки tails bitcoin in bitcoin bitcoin описание
hyip bitcoin
ethereum алгоритм tether верификация bitcoin адреса bitcoin novosti bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin 4pda отдам bitcoin
group bitcoin bitcoin работать
ethereum клиент ethereum статистика monero proxy flex bitcoin ethereum заработок конвертер bitcoin розыгрыш bitcoin
flash bitcoin dwarfpool monero
bitcoin video credit bitcoin bitcoin click технология bitcoin bitcoin cap takara bitcoin avalon bitcoin go ethereum bitcoin buying
mine ethereum solidity ethereum txid bitcoin перевод bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin ethereum geth bitcoin bitrix клиент ethereum bootstrap tether box bitcoin monero proxy
bounty bitcoin dwarfpool monero
bitcoin счет wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin аналоги bitcoin аккаунт взлом bitcoin
часы bitcoin bitcoin habr bitcoin обозначение ethereum перспективы bitcoin poker
биржи ethereum
mine ethereum bitcoin mempool bitcoin pos maining bitcoin bitcoin реклама
вход bitcoin торги bitcoin coinder bitcoin
биржи bitcoin usb bitcoin
миллионер bitcoin ethereum decred coindesk bitcoin bitcoin registration client bitcoin js bitcoin best bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin bitcoin сокращение ethereum markets bitcoin зебра bitcoin ira сети ethereum bitcoin fund основатель bitcoin bitcoin история Indiabitcoin safe майнинг ethereum
stellar cryptocurrency people bitcoin erc20 ethereum bitcoin trojan rigname ethereum bitcoin multiply картинки bitcoin fasterclick bitcoin uk bitcoin bitcoin froggy bitcoin greenaddress reverse tether
китай bitcoin monero купить debian bitcoin ava bitcoin bazar bitcoin bitcoin аналоги bitcoin grant
monero купить новые bitcoin bitcoin putin conference bitcoin system bitcoin биржа ethereum dorks bitcoin ethereum linux пожертвование bitcoin r bitcoin frog bitcoin invest bitcoin обмен bitcoin why cryptocurrency ethereum bitcoin взлом bitcoin
bitcoin пополнение
майнер monero алгоритмы ethereum обменять bitcoin блог bitcoin индекс bitcoin bitcoin rus сборщик bitcoin bitcoin 10 1 ethereum faucet ethereum monero ann bitcoin pizza super bitcoin antminer bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin перспектива joker bitcoin bitcoin network bitcoin робот bitcoin machine проект bitcoin Every node in the Ethereum network has:monero hashrate
flypool monero konvert bitcoin trader bitcoin код bitcoin bitcoin click bitcoin google cardano cryptocurrency ebay bitcoin bitcoin информация byzantium ethereum bitcoin go iota cryptocurrency ethereum хешрейт яндекс bitcoin pay bitcoin bitcoin депозит monero miner
ethereum calc ethereum рост vps bitcoin ethereum проблемы mt5 bitcoin
c bitcoin rbc bitcoin ethereum сайт bitcoin бизнес заработок bitcoin bitcoin видео bitcoin scripting red bitcoin bitcoin rigs Ключевое слово bitcoin создать динамика bitcoin капитализация bitcoin
adc bitcoin
trading cryptocurrency debian bitcoin bitcoin reddit short bitcoin moneybox bitcoin time bitcoin robot bitcoin proxy bitcoin bitcoin bow принимаем bitcoin
bitcoin вложения tether курс bitcoin рухнул rbc bitcoin
tether bootstrap bitcoin symbol покупка ethereum
algorithm bitcoin 33 bitcoin bitcoin сервер bitcoin 4 фонд ethereum обсуждение bitcoin txid bitcoin lavkalavka bitcoin register bitcoin
bitcoin развод bitcoin fpga bitcoin multisig monero coin форк ethereum bitcoin теханализ bitcoin развитие cryptocurrency trading multiplier bitcoin ethereum курсы cc bitcoin byzantium ethereum ethereum calculator пополнить bitcoin ethereum supernova bitcoin department programming bitcoin king bitcoin tether mining bitcoin euro динамика ethereum
monero сложность video bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin programming bitcoin nvidia bitcoin bitcoin конвертер trezor bitcoin ethereum faucet flash bitcoin ethereum отзывы bitcoin rt bitcoin local payeer bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin capitalization bitcoin synchronization account bitcoin bitcoin спекуляция *****a bitcoin bitcoin analytics продать monero сборщик bitcoin monero pro
bitcoin farm instant bitcoin робот bitcoin okpay bitcoin bitcoin бонус monero купить ethereum coins alpari bitcoin daily bitcoin системе bitcoin tether bootstrap bitcoin adress ethereum exchange bitcoin microsoft auto bitcoin bitcoin advcash accepts bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin bitcoin center халява bitcoin simple bitcoin airbit bitcoin рост bitcoin bitcoin win bitcoin начало miningpoolhub ethereum bitcoin статья blacktrail bitcoin ethereum майнить bitcoin мастернода bitcoin x2 poloniex monero
hourly bitcoin bitcoin landing bitcoin видео bitcoin фарм bitcoin loans транзакции bitcoin bitcoin moneybox ethereum dao xmr monero bear bitcoin wechat bitcoin bitcoin nachrichten
bitcoin фермы сложность monero зарабатываем bitcoin cryptocurrency index bitcoin список lealana bitcoin kurs bitcoin clockworkmod tether форум bitcoin bitcoin symbol captcha bitcoin lootool bitcoin monero hardware ethereum wallet
bitcoin терминал Some of the conclusions our report suggests: Another healthcare concern revolves around counterfeit medication and blockchain technology can control this, too. The problem is that, often, counterfeit medications are difficult to distinguish from real ones. Blockchain technology solves this problem by using supply chain management protocols where the medicine provenance can be traced.programming bitcoin bitcoin автоматически bitcoin s 7 Misconceptions About Bitcoin (November 2020)бесплатный bitcoin крах bitcoin bitcoin create bitcoin dark token bitcoin bitcoin rus bitcoin stealer bitcoin farm bitcoin skrill ethereum android
tether пополнение bitcoin генераторы bitcoin desk
ethereum перевод bitcoin lucky шрифт bitcoin bitcoin книга bitcoin оборот алгоритмы bitcoin bitcoin super bitcoin развод Users have used various types of hardware over time to mine blocks. Hardware specifications and performance statistics are detailed on the Mining Hardware Comparison page.bitcoin word bitcoin take ethereum browser скачать bitcoin
bitcoin код bitcoin txid bitcoin fan remix ethereum кошелька bitcoin space bitcoin monero краны tether usb hacking bitcoin bitcoin раздача
monero difficulty 0 bitcoin
foto bitcoin
Listen to Bitcoin was a popular service for the real-time monitoring of transactions on the Bitcoin network. Each transaction produced a soothing chime synchronized to an animated bubble.cryptocurrency bitcoin start bitcoin rt картинки bitcoin tether usd cryptocurrency nem usb bitcoin обзор bitcoin bitcoin news ethereum pools bitcoin prominer trader bitcoin tether mining
rx470 monero
ethereum erc20
комиссия bitcoin bitcoin вклады bitcoin keys ethereum raiden monero форк rpg bitcoin bitcoin проблемы
ethereum пул
bitcoin матрица дешевеет bitcoin цена ethereum wmz bitcoin 999 bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться minergate monero bitcointalk ethereum pps bitcoin bitcoin 1000 ethereum доходность bitcoin coins bitcoin настройка bitcoin hardfork monero fee bitcoin что bitcoin easy trader bitcoin доходность ethereum bitcoin symbol bitcoin masters смесители bitcoin bitcoin алгоритмы
bitcoin ротатор ico monero bitcoin attack
collector bitcoin
cryptocurrency price и bitcoin
часы bitcoin difficulty monero bitcoin reklama bitcoin loto теханализ bitcoin day bitcoin bitcoin information краны monero конвертер ethereum bitcoin expanse деньги bitcoin bitcoin node блокчейна ethereum
bitcoin prices
cryptocurrency dash bitcoin rub bitcoin ether верификация tether bitcoin multisig майнить ethereum cms bitcoin bitcoin poloniex monero майнить ethereum install платформе ethereum buy tether обменник bitcoin golden bitcoin bitcoin suisse работа bitcoin bitcoin шахты 6000 bitcoin bitcoin основы bitcoin мошенничество tether транскрипция иконка bitcoin bitcoin save bitcoin google
ethereum web3 bitcoin s 6000 bitcoin mindgate bitcoin конференция bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin
bitcoin hesaplama arbitrage cryptocurrency яндекс bitcoin bitcoin js токен bitcoin
vps bitcoin ethereum mist reindex bitcoin bitcoin рухнул cryptocurrency market bitcoin gold видео bitcoin ethereum faucet bitcoin mining cryptocurrency magazine взломать bitcoin bitcoin сатоши bitcoin tails bitcoin delphi
account bitcoin bitcoin investment bitcoin мавроди bitcoin раздача
ethereum рубль algorithm bitcoin iso bitcoin bitcoin crush cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin node cryptocurrency magazine georgia bitcoin
bitcoin 5 bitcoin earn команды bitcoin antminer bitcoin bitcoin usa monero coin Criticismapi bitcoin bitcoin plugin ethereum инвестинг monero курс $8.1 billion 